Самолет Пилатус PC-12 — это полезно знать

The Pilatus PC-12 is a single-engine turboprop passenger and cargo aircraft manufactured by Pilatus Aircraft of Stans, Switzerland since 1991. The main market for the aircraft is corporate transport and regional airliner operators. The PC-12 is the best-selling pressurized single-engine turbine-powered aircraft in the world and has been for several consecutive years, with 1,500 deliveries as of June 2017.

История

Компания Pilatus объявила о создании новой модели PC-12 в октябре 1989 года на ежегодной сессии NBAA. Первый полёт первого из двух прототипов состоялся года.

Блок: 2/6 | Кол-во символов: 168
Источник: https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilatus_PC-12

Development

New blended winglet of the PC-12 NG

In October 1989, Pilatus announced the development of the PC-12 at the annual convention of the National Business Aviation Association (NBAA).: Prior to the 1989 announcement, the PC-12 project had been worked on for some time under high levels of secrecy; by the time of the announcement, assembly of the first prototype had already commenced.:81–82 Pilatus believed that the PC-12 would fit a new market not served by existing aircraft and that the type would be the first single-engine aircraft capable of a large volume at high speed across long distances.: The two prototypes were completed on , with the first flight taking place on . Swiss certification of the type had been originally planned for mid-1991;: however, a redesign of the wings (increase of wingspan and addition of winglets to ensure performance guarantees were met) delayed progress. On , the Swiss Federal Office of Civil Aviation issued the type certificate for the PC-12;Federal Aviation Administration approval in the U.S. followed on .

Since entering service, Pilatus developed a large number of improvements and options upon the original PC-12 model; amongst these changes include increases in the maximum takeoff weight, the use of increasingly powerful engines, the adoption of new avionics, noise-reduction measures, new propellers, speed and range increases, additional interiors and new inflight entertainment systems. Other aviation firms, such as Finoff Aviation Products, have also produced their own independent products and aftermarket enhancement packages for the PC-12.

Pilatus announced the PC-12NG (Next Generation) at the 2006 NBAA meeting in Orlando and officially launched it during the NBAA 2007 in Atlanta. The NG features a more powerful Pratt & Whitney PT6A-67P engine with better climb performance and an increase in maximum cruise speed to 280 knots TAS. The NG also features a Honeywell Primus Apex glass cockpit; prior to this, the PC-12 had been one of the only high end models to lack flat-panel avionics. The revised cockpit includes automatic pressurization control as well as cursor controlled inputs to the navigation system. The PC-12 NG winglets have also been modified from the original version. Within two years of launch, over 200 orders reportedly had been placed for the PC-12 NG. In May 2008, the first PC-12 NG was delivered.

The PC-12M (Multipurpose) is based on the PC-12 NG but equipped with a more powerful electrical generation system allows installing additional power-consuming equipment. This enables the PC-12M to perform missions such as flight inspection, air ambulance, aerial photography and aerial surveillance. An optional utility door accommodates parachute drops of people and cargo. This version is marketed in the United States as the PC-12 Spectre paramilitary special missions platform.

On , Pilatus officially opened its Chinese headquarters in Chongqing Liangjiang and announced that manufacturing of the PC-12 for Asia-Pacific customers would take place on the Chinese production line at this site in the future. In September 2014, it was announced that the production for various aerostructures for the PC-12 NG would be performed by Tata Aircraft Systems in India from 2016 onwards, these parts having previously been manufactured by PZL-Świdnik in Poland.

Фото самолета Pilatus PC-12

• 1220
• 7
• 0

Самолет Pilatus PC-12 авиакомпании Dexter

Добавить фото

Добавить фото

Добавить фото

Вопросы/ответы

Вопросов по самолету еще не было. Обозначьте свою проблему!

Задать вопрос

Модификации

• PC-12/41 — оригинальный вариант был сертифицирован в 1994 году и оборудовался двигателем PT6A-67B (Pratt & Whitney, Канада). Большинство выпущенных PC-12/41 прошло модернизацию и превратилось в PC-12/45.
• PC-12/45 — сертифицирован в 1996 году с двигателем PT6A-67B (Pratt & Whitney, Канада). Максимальный вес был увеличен до 4500 кг.
• PC-12/47 — сертифицирован в 2005 году с двигателем PT6A-67B (Pratt & Whitney, Канада). Максимальный вес был увеличен до 4740 кг.
• PC-12/47E — сертифицирован в 2008 году, получил модернизированную авионику и двигатель PT6A-67P (Pratt & Whitney, Канада). Иногда на рынках встречается под названием PC-12 NG (англ. Next Generation, «Новое Поколение»)
• U-28A — вариант для ВВС США.
• РС-12M Eagle — многоцелевой разведывательный самолёт, разработанный швейцарской фирмой Pilatus. Был ориентирован на рынок США. В зависимости от конфигурации разведывательного оборудования самолёт может выполнять следующие миссии: радиоэлектронная разведка и патрулирование (SAR РЛС и ИК-датчики), РЭБ и целеуказание (ФАР, РЛС, ИК-датчики, аппаратура РЭБ и аппаратура радио и радиотехнической разведки), патрулирование прибрежных границ и проведение операций против контрабанды наркотиков (ИК-датчики и мультиспектральная оптическая камера MSOC). Как дополнительные функции предусматривается конфигурации самолёта в роли: медицинского эвакуационного, фоторазведки, пассажирского и транспортного самолёта, VIP-транспорта. Первый полет самолёта РС-12М состоялся в октябре 1995 года. Существуют два основных варианта самолёта, первый : PC-12M(HB-FOB) — оборудованный оптико-электронными датчиками под управлением системы Northrop Grumman Sensor Management System (SMS). Система SMS включает трехпроцессорную станцию на базе процессоров Intel Pentium. В состав датчиков входят — ИК-датчики WF-160DS FLIR, оптическая камера с вариообъективом от 20 до 280 мм и американская система RISTA (Reconnaissance, Infra-red Surveillance, Target Acquisition). Второй вариант: PC-12M(HB-FOG) — оборудован датчиками Northrop Grumman WF-160DS IR/E-O, РЛС Raytheon Sea Vue SV 1021, системой РЭР Delfin Systems (30 МГц до 2 ГГц), систему цифровой и видео-передачи данных (на дальность до 200 км).

Design

Pilatus PC-12 taking off from a short unpaved airstrip

The PC-12 is a single-engine turboprop-powered business aircraft, designed for performing in multiple roles and to deliver equal performance and safety to twin-engine aircraft. It is powered by a single Pratt & Whitney PT6A-67 engine; early models being powered by the PT6A-67B, while the later PC-12 NG variant uses the more powerful PT6A-67P, which is flat rated at only 70% of its maximum power. According to Pilatus, the PC-12 NG has exceptional versatility and is capable of operating within the most rugged environments, such as the Australian outback; it is one of the few pressurized turbine-powered aircraft capable of operating from rough landing strips. A trailing arm landing gear arrangement is used to enable the PC-12 to access thousands of airfields that most jet aircraft would be incapable of using.

Pilatus PC-12 interior cabin

A Luxembourg-registered PC-12/45 with doors open

The cabin interior of the PC-12 can accommodate up to nine passengers in a comfortable configuration, which includes features such as a refreshment centre, a fully enclosed lavatory and a baggage area to the rear of the cabin. Other cabin configurations include executive arrangements, seating between six and eight passengers, a four-seat passenger-cargo combi layout and an air ambulance setup housing two litters and three attending medics. The interior was designed in conjunction with BMW’s Designworks division, making extensive use of leather, fine wood veneers and various textiles to create an environment deliberately akin to a luxury road vehicle. An atypically large cargo door is installed to accommodate more bulky items, including palletised cargo.

The PC-12 incorporates numerous safety measures. The PT6A-67 engine has a reputation for considerable reliability, a factor that has reportedly been decisive to some prospective operators. To counteract stall and spin conditions, dual angle-of-attack sensors near the wingtips force the stick forwards in advance of a potential stall. For greater redundancy, the PC-12 NG has a complete split-bus dual electrical system as akin to modern jet aircraft, in addition to two separate batteries and a third emergency battery. The type is certified for flight into known ice conditions; as per standard fit, pneumatic de-icing systems are installed in the wings and empennage, while electrical de-icing measures are integrated into the windshield and exhaust heat is used for engine inlet de-icing.:Aviation Week describe the PC-12 as possessing «…comparatively slow take-off and landing speeds, excellent short-field performance, and easy handling characteristics.»

In addition to its uses as a passenger transport and private aircraft, the PC-12 can be configured as a multi-mission platform, such as an air ambulance or for conducting surveillance aircraft missions. In the latter role, a retractable Electro-optical/Infrared sensor may be installed into the aircraft’s tail and an operator’s console, containing two display monitors, a digital video recorder, communications panel and expansion bays to accommodate various radios and datalinks, can be fitted in the main cabin area; the aircraft may be highly customized to meet customer’s specific mission requirements. In the multi-mission capacity, the type has seen use by various customers, including the Red Cross, the Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police and the United States Air Force, among others.

The type features a three-axis autopilot as standard, while weather radar, long-range navigation systems and radar altimeter are optional.: The flight deck of the PC-12 NG is equipped with Honeywell’s Primus Apex avionics system, consisting of four 10-inch high-resolution liquid crystal display screens, two of which perform as the primary flight displays directly forward of either pilot, the other two being multi-function displays in a central position between the two pilots. The Apex system shares many similarities to the flight decks of other business jets and has been designed to minimize crew workload and provide for improved safety during single-pilot operations. An advanced synthetic vision system, delivering greater situational awareness and safety during visual flight rules (VFR) flight, is also present. The cockpit’s layout is optimized for ergonomic and aesthetic appeal, providing similar comfort levels for the flight crew as to the passengers. An engine condition monitoring system is present on the PC-12 NG, automatically monitoring engine parameters and producing relevant warnings, easing preventive maintenance efforts.

At a weight of 9,200 lb (4,200 kg), FL210 and ISA+5°C, it cruises at 271 kn (502 km/h) TAS with a fuel flow of 464 lb (210 kg) per hour, 5 kn (9.3 km/h) slower than book speed when battling a sinking mountain wave to stay level.

Pilatus PC-12 салон

• Экипаж: 2человека

• Скороподъёмность: 585м/мин.

• Максимальный вес: 4760,9кг.

• Взлётный вес: 4740кг.

• Посадочный вес: 4500кг.

• Вес без топлива: 4100кг.

• Вместимость топлива: 1227кг.

• Вместимость груза: 467кг.

• Силовая установка: Pratt & Whitney PT6A-67P.

• Выходная мощность: 1200л.с.

Посмотреть другие самолеты мира

Размер салона

Максимальное количество пассажиров:
Оптимальное количество пассажиров:
Длина салона:	7 м
Ширина салона:	1.69 м
Высота салона:	1.55 м
Объем салона:	9.34 куб.м
Объем багажника:	1.13 куб.м

Operational history

Commercial, corporate and private use

Early sales of the PC-12 principally went to utility operators, reportedly Pilatus were uncertain of the sales potential for the aircraft to business and passenger operators early on. In 1994, the Royal Flying Doctor Service of Australia became the launch customer of the PC-12. It operates 32 PC-12s throughout Australia to deliver medical services in remote areas.

PC-12 with passenger embarking

In 2003, US charter airline Tradewind Aviation started operating the PC-12, which has now grown into one of the country’s largest operators of the type, with 22 aircraft.

In 2006, the magazine Flying referred to the PC-12 as «…more economical to operate than any turbine airplane of similar size.» In 2007, Flying magazine described the high rate of value retention on used PC-12s as «unbelievable»—attributing this to the popular demand for the type. High oil prices are a prominent factor for increasing sales of turboprops, the PC-12 among them.

The bulk of demand comes from North America and three quarters of PC-12NG sales are in executive configurations. While its price grew from $3,270,760 in 2005 to $4,713,275 in 2015, it retains 80-85% of its selling price after 10 years given average use, better than comparable turboprop or business jets and it sells 40% faster.

Pilatus also uses a series of overseas distributors to market and sell the PC-12 within designated regions. AMAC Aerospace is the exclusive sales agent for the type within the Middle East.

In August 2014, Californian airline Surf Air placed an order for 15 PC-12 NGs and 50 options, one of the largest contract for the type.PlaneSense, a New Hampshire-based fractional ownership company, manages the largest fleet of the type, operating 34 PC-12s in 2015.

In June 2010, Pilatus announced that the 1,000th PC-12 had been delivered. By August 2013, the worldwide PC-12 fleet had accumulated a combined total of 4 million flight hours and 1,200 PC-12s had been delivered to customers. Just over a year after the 1300th, the 1400th PC-12 was delivered in July 2016. The fleet has accumulated 5.6 million total flight hours since certification and 1 million flight hours for the 630 PC-12 NG since its introduction in 2008. As the fleet logged over 6.8 million hours, the maintenance interval was raised from 100/150 hours to 300 and a new maintenance plan reduces labor by 20% to 40% to lower direct operating costs.

By 2017, a nine year-old PC-12 was worth $2.5-2.8m and 15-16 year-old models had a $1.8m value.

Military operations

United States Air Force U-28A

The PC-12 is Pilatus’ first aircraft directed principally at the civil market. Despite the company historically being a military-oriented supplier, military sales for the type were considered a low priority during the early stages of development.:

The U-28A is the United States Air Force variant of the PC-12 for intra-theater support of special operations forces performing the role of Intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR). The 319th Special Operations Squadron is stationed at Hurlburt Field, Florida at the headquarters of the Air Force Special Operations Command. The 34th Special Operations Squadron (SOS) was activated on as the second U-28A unit at Hurlburt Field. Both squadrons operate as part of the 1st Special Operations Wing/ 1st Special Operations Group (SOG) at Hurlburt Field. The U-28A is also operated by the 318th Special Operations Squadron as part of the 27th Special Operations Wing at Cannon Air Force Base, New Mexico. In May 2019 the Air Force officially approved the use of the name ‘Draco’ for the aircraft.

Цена и рынки

Запрашиваемая цена: 2,15 — 3,45 млн $.

Прямые эксплуатационные расходы: 668 $/час.

Постоянные расходы: 210 926 $/год.

По состоянию на июль 2010 года продано более 1000 самолётов PC-12 всех модификаций; большинство из них используется в гражданской авиации.

Variants

PC-12/41 Original production variant certified in 1994 has a Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-67B engine, 4,100 kg (9,039 lb) maximum takeoff weight, conventional round-dial cockpit, starting at SN101. PC-12/45 Certified in 1996 has a Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-67B engine, maximum takeoff weight increased to 4,500 kg (9,921 lb). PC-12/47 Certified in 2005 has a Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-67B engine, maximum takeoff weight increased to 4,740 kg (10,450 lb). PC-12/47E Variant certified in 2008 has upgraded avionics and a Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-67P engine. Sometimes known by its trade name PC-12 NG (Next Generation). PC-12M Spectre Paramilitary special missions platform marketed in the United States, originally called «Eagle». U-28A Draco United States Air Force designation for the PC-12.

Specifications (PC-12NG)

View from below, gear and flaps up

Front view, flaps and gear down

Side view, flaps and gear down

Data from Pilatus

General characteristics

• Crew: one or two pilots
• Capacity: 6 to 9 passengers seats
• Payload: (Full fuel, pilot on board)
  • Cargo : 704 kg (1602 lb)
  • 9 Passengers : 623 kg (1423 lb)
  • 6 Executive : 438 kg (1014 lb)
• Length: 14.40 m (47 ft 3 in)
• Wingspan: 16.28 m (53 ft 4 in)
• Height: 4.26 m (14 ft 0 in)
• Wing area: 25.81 m² (277.8 ft²)
• Airfoil: wing root: NASA LS(1)-0417MOD, wing tip: NASA LS(1)-0313
• Aspect ratio: 10.27
• Empty weight: with 1 pilot :
  • Cargo : 2,810 kg (6,194 lb)
  • 9 Passengers : 2,891 kg (6,373 lb)
  • 6 Executive : 3,076 kg (6,782 lb)
• Max. takeoff weight: 4,740 kg (10,450 lb)
• Maximum landing weight: 4,500 kg (9,921 lb)
• Maximum zero fuel weight: 4,100 kg (9,039 lb)
• Usable fuel: 2,704 lb (1,226 kg), 1,520 l (402 US gal)
• Maximum payload: (pilot on board)
  • Cargo : 1290 kg (2845 lb)
  • 9 Passengers : 1209 kg (2666 lb)
  • 6 Executive : 1024 kg (2257 lb)
• Tail wingspan: 5.20 m (17 ft 1 in)
• Propeller: 5 blade Hartzell Hartzell (Composite)
• Propeller diameter: 2.67 m (8 ft 9 in)
• Propeller RPM: 1,700 rpm
• Powerplant: 1 × Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-67P turboprop, 1,200 shp (895 kW)

Performance

• Cruise speed: 528 km/h (285 kn / 328 mph)
• Stall speed: 124 km/h (67 kn / 77 mph)
• Range: 3,417 km (HSC, VFR Reserves) (1,845 nmi)
• Service ceiling: 9,144 m (30,000 ft)
• Rate of climb: 585 m/min (MTOW) (1,920 ft/min)
• Wing loading: 183.6 kg/m² (37.8 lb/(sq ft))
• Power/mass: 5.3 kg/kW (8.75 lb/hp)
• Takeoff distance : 793 m (2,602 ft), 15 m / 50 ft obstacle
• Landing distance : 661 m (2,170 ft), 15 m / 50 ft obstacle
• Fuel consumption: 250 l (66.0 US gal) per hour (500 nmi trip, includes climb, cruise and descent, 265 kn average block speed)

Avionics

Honeywell Primus Apex

See also

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

Поделитесь в соц.сетях:

Оцените статью: (Пока оценок нет) Загрузка...